SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ACTIVITIES

    The Agency for Nuclear and Radiation Safety was created as an integral part of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, therefore one of its main tasks is to conduct research work (R&D, Research and development work). Such work will be carried out in the research sector. The Agency conducts research work on scientific topics "Physicochemical foundations of uranium mining from uranium ores and mineral waters" (RKD 01115 TJ 00470) and "Physicochemical foundations of radiation ecology, development of regional radioecological maps and radiation monitoring of bioecology in Tajikistan" (RKD 01115 TJ 00471).

     The coordination of research work is carried out by the chief researcher - Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, Doctor of Chemical Sciences, Professor Ulmas Mirsaidov. The scientific topics of the agency are headed by doctors of sciences and professors - Badalov Abulkhair, Salomov Abdujabor, Nazarov Kholmurod and Mirsaidov Ilkhom. Several scientists, including 9 candidates of sciences, are working on the implementation of scientific tasks at the Agency.

    The researches were done in the course of the study of characteristics of mineral water and technical waste from the uranium industry. It was found that the water content of the Taboshar tunnel is 10 mg per liter, the inflow of water is 40 m3 / h, and the water of the Kiik-Tal deposit contains 25-30 mg of uranium per liter, pH is 7.0-7.5 and the inflow of water is 4.0- 4.5 m3 / hour. These values show that uranium can be extracted from the mineral and industrial waters of Taboshar and Kiik-Tal. The kinetics of the sorption (absorption) process of uranium separation from uranium industrial waste has already been studied. The high sorption capacity of the apricot shell was revealed in comparison with other sorbents. The optimal absorption parameters have been determined. The basic technological scheme of uranium extraction from mine waters and industrial waste waters of the uranium industry, which consists of the stages of acidification, absorption, cooking, leaching, settling, refining and drying have been already presented. A basic technological scheme was proposed and the optimal conditions for the process of handling uranium wastes were determined based on the research results.

    In this case, the process of dehydration of hexahydrauranyl nitrate, which takes place in the temperature range of 310-420 K and consists of three stages, is carried out with water separation at each stage. The possibility of obtaining U3O8 from hexahydratiuranyl nitrate and trihydratiuranyl sulfate has been shown.

    The thermal decomposition of UO2 (NO3) 2, which takes place in the temperature range of 430-750 K, consists of two stages. The process of dehydration of uranium sulfate trihydrate takes place in two stages in the temperature range of 320-420 ° C, where one washing takes place at the first stage of the process, and the process takes place in two washes at the second stage. The process of thermal decomposition of uranium sulfate occurs in one stage at a temperature range of 480-710K.

    The chemical schemes of individual (separate) stages of the process of dehydration and destruction of uranium compounds  and the thermal characteristics of these stages have been determined by the methods of X-ray phase, spectroscopic and tensometric analysis.

    There has been obtained more detailed information on the thermal and thermodynamic characteristics of crystalline hydrates, nitrate and sulfate uranium.

    A study of the radioecological situation in the regions of Tajikistan, including radioactive waste dumps in the north of Tajikistan, was carried out, as well as radiological map was succesfully compiled.

ROLE AND ASSESSMENT OF GEOPOLITICS IN 2021 BY EUROPEAN RESEARCHERS AND POLITICIANS

     The role of scientists, poets and writers, newspapers, magazines, books and articles, as well as research institutions and analytical centers (think tanks) is very important in solving these problems, their discoveries and achievements.

     Thus, foreign and domestic experts and political scientists, including researchers and experts of the Institute of Asian and European Studies Abdugani Mamadazimov, Shamsiddin Karimov, wrote books and research articles on the role and concept of geopolitics and emphasized its strategic importance.

    It should be noted that by the Decree of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan dated October 28, 2016 No. 466, the Institute of Asian and European Studies was established in the structure of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan as a recently formed research institution, consisting of scientific centers dedicated to the study of politics, world economy, social thought, language, literature, history, religious, ideological and political disciplines, geography, including local history and regional studies, regional conflicts in countries around the world, including Asia, Africa, Europe and America.

     Thus, the above-mentioned Institute, under the leadership of its director, as well as scientific leaders and employees (researchers) in the field of geopolitics and its issues, planning its activities for lovers of science and education, which is a good basis for understanding of the political science of Tajikistan in the period of independence.

     It should be noted that in dictionaries, including Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, the concept of geopolitics is defined as follows: geopolitics or geographic politics comes from the Greek language, where “geo” means land, “politics” means state or public administration. According to the information, geopolitics is one of the main sections of political science, fundamental political science and the theory of international relations, and considers the state and specific historical forms of the influence of the territorial-spatial features of the state on global, regional and local processes. [1]

     Thus, it should be noted that nowadays, the countries of the world use geopolitics to explain (clarify) various issues and politic management. Let me pay here readers attention to the kea role of one of the world's research Institutes, which informs students and scientists in the management of geopolitical problems of the world and the region.

     The Center, registered as the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS), which functions as an independent agency for the study of regional and global issues in the UK to the present day. The office presents its research work to students in accordance with laws, regulations, guidelines and best practices from academics and experts.

     For 60 years, the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) has helped formulate and develop strategic issues for governments, business, media and experts around the world. The company generates revenue from database sales, publications, conference support, corporate sponsorship, research, consulting, as well as charitable donations and foundations. The aim of the Center is to reactivate and develop policies that will contribute to further ensuring and promoting peace and security around the world.

     The International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) has offices in Washington, Bahrain, Berlin, London and Singapore, moreover, it studies and discusses current issues in Asia, Europe, the United States and the Middle East.

     It should be noted that strategic research, annual geopolitical assessments, objective and in-depth analysis of the Institute's specialists reflect the events, activists and forces that contribute to the development of international relations. All this will contribute specialists and researchers in the field as a benchmark and indispensable guide for the development of political science, business leadership, analysis, as well as will make it possible to reveal geopolitical and geoeconomic trends with great force. The Institute recently developed a special report on various problems of the world with the publication of the World Agenda for 2022 and its prospects, which discussed the problems and challenges of the world for 2020-2021.

    In this report, experts examine and analyze the development of all regions, as well as the existing problems and trends that still cover the whole world.

    It also examines the factors influencing strategic change for large states, with tested and comparable data on global and regional powers that provide rich and clear guidance for geopolitical events.

    Finally, it should be noted that the Institute studied the current issues of 2021, and in its annual report entitled “Strategic Survey 2021: The Annual Assessment of Geopolitics” [2], in a concrete form , a wide range of issues related to key Themes, including challenges and vaccine diplomacy, digital conflict, European strategies in the Asia-Pacific region, rising carbon emissions in space and environmental concerns, the prospects for Iran's nuclear program, and the future of political Islam that have become the subject of special attention (consideration) of the center and researchers.

Sources:

Website of the International Institute for Strategic Studies and Research https://www.iiss.org/

Official website of the NAST Institute for Asia and Europe https: //www.osiyoavrupo.tj /.../ 1319-nazari-ta-lilie-ba-na ...

Tajik National Encyclopedia: [approx. 25 t.] / Editor-in-chief N. Amirshokhi; 2011-2017, vol. 4). - ISBN 978-99947-33-77-4.

Strategic Review 2021: Annual Assessment of Geopolitics, October 2021, Volume: 2021, Publisher: IISS

Mirsaid Rakhmonov

Senior researcher at the Institute for Asian and Europe studies,  NAST

WINNER OF THE INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AWARD

   Ustod Mirzo Mulloahmad, Doctor of Philology, Corresponding Member of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, currently works as a senior researcher on the issues (problems) of the Middle and Near East in the Institute for Asian and European Studies of the National Academy of Science of Tajikistan.

   In addition, he is a member of the publishing bureau of the International Association of the National Academy of Sciences, the editorial board of the journal "Rudaki" (Tehran), the journal Cultural institution ECO (Tehran), the journal "Payemnomai farhang" (Bulletin of culture), a member of the scientific council "Doiratul maorifi insonshinosi" (Tehran) for the defense of doctoral dissertations at the Institute of Language and Literature named after Rudaki NAST , and is also the chairman of the Tajikistan-Iran Friendship Association.

   From 1969 to the present, he has been working at the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, during this time he was in the positions of a senior laboratory assistant, junior and senior researcher, head of a department, head of a department and deputy director of the Institute for Science, then head of the department of science of the Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan and deputy chief Scientific Secretary of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan.

   From 1971 to 1974 he did his PhD  in the Institute of Oriental Studies and Written Heritage of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan, and in 1975 he defended his dissertation on the topic "Ejodiyoti Farrukhi" ("Creativity of Farrukh"). From 1978 to 1980 he worked as a translator from Persian in Iran. In 1993 he defended his doctoral dissertation on the topic "Raviyai "Bozgasht" dar adabiyoti asrhoi XVIII - XIX Eron" "The process of the Return? into the literature of Iran in the 18th - 19th centuries”, and in 2008 he was elected a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan.

   The field of scientific activity of Mirzo Mulloahmad is wide and covers the history of Tajik and Persian literature from ancient times to the present day, the literature of Iran and the East, the history of science and culture of the East, linguistics and literary and cultural ties of Tajikistan and the countries of the East.

   He is a well-known expert on the history of Tajik and Persian literature, and his scientific works were published in Moscow, Washington, Tehran, Baku, Mashhad, Berlin and others.

   For many years Mirzo Mulloahmad worked as the head of the department, deputy director of the Institute of Oriental Studies, head of the department and deputy chief scientific secretary of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan, as well as being a member of the Accreditation Commission of the Republic of Tajikistan, he contributed to the organization and development of science in the country.

   M. Mulloahmad also made a valuable contribution to the training of scientific personnel. Under his leadership and the direct guide, 16 people defended their Ph.D. theses, 5 people defended their doctoral dissertations and 5 people are are in pre-defense.

    Mirzo Mulloahmad is one of the authors of the academic publication of the “History of Iranian Literature in the 19th - 20th centuries” (Moscow, Nauka, 1999, 535 p.). His books “Yodi Yori mehrubon” (Tehran, 2001, p. 845), “Khuboni porsiguy” (Tehran, 2003), “Andarzhoi Rudaki” (Tehran, 2008), “Sadoi Osiyo” (“Voice of Asia”) (2011) attracted the attention of foreign readers and introduced them to Tajik-Iranian works. His scientific works as "Jang va sulh dar "Shohnoma" (War and peace in Shahname) (2005), "Rudaki va sukhanvaroni ham ruzgoriyu" (2008, co-authored), “Biyo, to jahonro ba bad nasparem” (2010), “Piromuni Rudaki va rudakishinoson” (2014), “Sayire dar olami eronshinosi” (Journey into the world of Iranian studies) (2014) can also be attached to the authoritative Iranian publications.

    Among his published scientific works: "Farrukhii Sistoni" (1978), "Nishot va Midzhmar" (1983), "Lyricai Adibulmamoliki Amiri" (1985), "Furugii Bastomi va gazaliotio" (1967), "Koonyi Sherozi" (1992), "Sunnathoi poydori davroni purbori adabiyot" (2008) in the editions "Donish", "Donish", "Inson. Adabiyot. Fargang" ("Human. Literature. Culture") (1993), "Rudaki va rudakishinoson" (2012) in the publishing house "Adib", "Payomi ahloqii Firdavsi" (2003), "Dar olami eronshinosi" ("In the world of Iranian studies") (2005), “Biyo, to jahonro ba bad nasparem” (2011) at the publishing house “Devashtich”, “Buzurgdoshti insoni nek” (2011) at the publishing house “Maorif va fargang” (“Education and Culture”) and others.

   Mirzo Mulloahmad also made a significant contribution to the study and publication of works of ancestors, such as "Kobusnoma" of Kaykovus (1979, 2007), "Ruboiyoti Umari Khayyom" ("Rubai of Umar Khayyam") (1983), "Barguzidai Ash'ori Shahriyor" ("Selected Poems of Shakhriyor") (co-authored, 1984, 2006), "Hikoyathoi navisandagoni muosiri Eron" ("Stories of modern Iranian writers") (co-authored, 1986, 1988), "Ruznomai safari Iskandarkul" Abdurahmoni Mustajir (co-authored, 1989), “Gulbongi navjavon" Lohuti (1991), "Andarznomai Rudaki" (1992), "Gazaliyoti Furugii Bastomi" (1993), "Donishnomai" Maysari (1999), "Andarznomai Hakim Nosiri Khusrav" (2003), "Dahunoma" (2003), “Gulchini devoni Hofiz” (2006), “Andarzhoi Jaloliddini Rumi” (2007), “Ashyori muntahab” (“Selected Poems”) by Abuabdullohi Rudaki (2008), “Dar partavi khurshed” (2011), “Hikmatnomai Nosiri Khusrav" (2013) and others.

   Mirzo Mulloahmad is the author of more than 550 scientific and popular scientific works, including 30 monographs and collections of scientific articles, 40 different collections of works of ancient and modern Persian writers, which were successfully published through his efforts.

   Mirzo Mulloahmad took an active part in the organization of scientific conferences and forums, including assisting in the promotion of the International Symposium "Hazorai “Shohnoma”-i Firdavsi” (1994) as Executive Secretary, 675th anniversary of Kamoli Khujandi (1996), “Tajribai ta’rikhii sulhi Tojikiston” (“Historical experience of the world in Tajikistan”) (2001), “Fifth International Conference of Teachers of Tajik and Persian Languages and Literature” (2006), “Rudaki and World Culture” (2008). He presented scientific papers at more than 50 international conferences and symposia held in different cities around the world. In particular, at the UN Hall in New York (June 18, 2008), he delivered a scientific speech on the topic "Rudaki - shoiri buzurgi bashardust" ("Rudaki - the great poet of mankind"). Rudakishinosi (studies on Rudaki) is one of the main directions of Mirzo Mulloahmad's scientific activity, and, thereby “Donishnomai Rudaki” (Rudaki Encyclopedia) was published in three volumes under his leadership.

    The simplicity, humility, kindness, respect and hard work of Ustod Mirzo Mulloahmad is an example for everyone that guides young people on the path of hard work, happiness, victory, self-knowledge and self-awareness. Having worked with Ustod side by side for ten years, I have never heard the Teacher address anyone (i) unrespectedly.

Ту худ сӯзӣ вале созӣ ту моро,

Талошу ҳимматат поянда бодо.

Tu hud suzi vale sozi tu moro,

Taloshu himmatat poyanda bodo.

Subhiddin Ziyoyev

Head of the Middle East Department

Institute for Asian and Europe studies,  NAST

 The festival-competition “Behtarini hizbi” (“Best Party”), where took part (attended) different nationalities and which was dedicated to the 27th anniversary of the PDPT on the initiative of the PDPT Executive Committee in the Shohmansur region was held in the hall of the Academic Opera and Ballet Theater named after Sadriddin Aini, on December 8, 2021. The event was opened by the first deputy chairman of the People's Democratic Party Azizi Abdujabbor Abdukahkhor, who noting firstly that the aforementioned "our" party has a worthy leader, and that, secondly, thanks to the supreme leader, every member of the party can have power and must use it in the interests of nation in such a way that the party could influence on various platforms of our time, otherwise it will be difficult for the party to find a place in the minds of citizens.

    Then, according to the results of the competition the winners were awarded commemorative awards and prizes in eleven nominations such as "Best Committee", "Best Propagandist", "Best Representative (Delegate)", "Best Reporter (Journalist)" and other nominations of the Best.

    In the nomination "Best Committee" the first place was taken by the Primary Executive Committee "Hiradmandon" of PDPT of NAST .

    In the nomination "The best reporter (journalist)" the first place was taken by the press secretary of the National Academy of Science, Mashrab Abdullah. In other words, the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan took two places in the festival-competition, which testifies to the responsibility of three deputy chairmen of the People's Democratic Party "Hiradmandon" in the National Academy of Science of Tajikistan, the researcher and historian of the party Shirin Kurbanova ...

Regional seminar on the requirements of the legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan on radiation safety in Istaravshan

    According to the joint plan of the Branch of the Agency for Chemical, Biological, Nuclear and Radiation Safety of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan in the Sughd Region (Branch of the Agency) with the Department of Health of the Sughd Region for 2021, a regional seminar on the requirements of the legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan on radiation safety was held on December 8 in the Istaravshan region.

    23 radiologists and laboratory assistants of X-ray equipment of medical institutions in the city of Istaravshan, as well as of Shakhristan, Devashtich, Zafarobod, Spitamen and J. Rasulov districts were attended in the seminar.

    The seminar was opened by the deputy chief physician of the Istaravshan Central Hospital - Marufi G. Husni. After that, the responsible officer of the Agency's Branch Adkhamov Akbar summarized the goals and objectives of the seminar, and continued with its presentation on the topic "Legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan in the field of radiation safety."

    Then senior observers of the Agency Branch Boboev Begmurot and Rakhmatov Nusratullo made reports on the legal provisions and other regulatory legal acts of the Republic of Tajikistan, instructions and requirements of the Agency for Chemical, Biological, Radiation and Nuclear Safety of NAST on radiation safety, construction and operation of X-ray rooms to ensure radiation safety employees and the population, conditions and licensing requirements for certain types of activities, obtaining a license to use its radiation sources in the activities (operations) of medical institutions.

     Qualified specialists of medical institutions who made interesting reports and presentations on various topics: Murtazoev Anvar - medical physicist of the radiation therapy department of the "Sogd Oncological Center", Khaitov Khudoiberdi - family doctor of the Istaravshan Central Hospital, Azizov Farukh - radiologist, employee, responsible for radiation safety of the Central Hospital of Istaravshan and Narzulloev Shokhrukh - doctor of the occupational health department of the Center for State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance of Istaravshan were also attended in the regional seminar.

     The main goal of the seminar was to increase the level of legal knowledge and culture of radiation safety of medical workers when carrying out X-ray (radiological) studies and methods of protection from radiation sources.

     Thus, the meeting with the medical staff in the Istaravshan region was fruitful and was memorable by all the participants of the meeting. During the seminar, the participants were provided with the necessary information on ensuring the radiation safety of the population and the environment through booklets prepared by the Agency's Branch.

    It should be noted that the plan for holding regional seminars in Khujand, Aini, Isfara and Istaravshan with the participation of radiologists from cities and districts of the Sughd region has been fully implemented for 2021.