RESULTS
1). Publication of scientific results. In 2020, scientists and specialists of the Institute published more than 185 scientific articles and abstracts, more than 25 scientific articles were published in the prestigious foreign journals.
2). Publication of Books. Also this year, the staff of the Institute submitted 3 textbooks, 2 of which were written in the state language and 1 in Russian for publication:
- "Handbook of Physics", 159 p.
- "Automated communications management system", 260 p.
- “Renewable energy sources in the Republic of Tajikistan. Investigation of the energy characteristics of photoelectric converters of solar energy ", 148 p.
3). Promotion and facilitation of science. This year, the Institute's staff participated in more than 20 television and radio programs aimed at popularizing and initiating the study of natural sciences, and more than 35 scientific and popular articles were published in the mass media.
4). International Conference. On October 9-10, 2020, on the initiative of the Institute, the VII International Conference "Problems of Modern Physics" was held in Dushanbe. More than 30 foreign scientists participated in the Conference and spoke (made their presentations) online. The conference was held in 5 directions:
- Theoretical physics, dynamical systems
- Condensing medium, nanotechnology and new materials
- Problems of renewable and unconventional energy sources
- Cosmic rays, core physics and technology
- Physics of the atmosphere, climate change and water problems
- Medical physics.
More than 100 speeches (presentations) were made during the conference, around 30 percent of which were made by foreign scientists. The representatives of the USA, Japan, Russian Federation, Turkey, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Belarus and other countries were participated in the conference.
5). Tajikistan and Uzbekistan’s International conference.
During the International Conference "The Contribution of the Leaders of Tajikistan and Uzbekistan to Strengthening Friendship, Good Neighborliness, Trust and Opening New Pages in Strategic Partnership between Uzbeks and Tajiks", which took place on 14-15September, 2020 in Dushanbe, an agreement on scientific cooperation was signed between the Physical-Technical Institute named after S.U. Umarov of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan and the Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan. This agreement provides the joint scientific research in priority and useful for the development of countries areas, including in the field of nuclear physics, theoretical physics, condensate physics, optics, quantum electronics, physical and technical energy issues, application of methods of physical research in medicine, methods of nuclear physics research, physics of cosmic rays and supernatural energies, physics of semiconductors, shape and structure of crystals, physics of ferroelectrics and dielectrics, spectroscopy and etc.
Information about the beginning (start) of abovementioned cooperation was also published in the Tajik language in the mass-media of the Republic of Uzbekistan:
- Agreement on scientific cooperation was signed // Newspaper “Ovozi tojik” in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Date of publication 09/22/2020 (https://ovozitojik.uz/news/view?id=4265).
6) Subject Olympiads (competitions). In order to involve young people in the study of physical and technical sciences, the Institute organized and held 2 Olympiads (competitions): one at the republican level (republican competition) and the other in the city level (city competition).
6.1. So, on 12March, 2020, the competition named the "Cup of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan" in the 2019-2020 academic year on physics sciences was held for students of higher educational institutions of the Republic of Tajikistan. 23 students, including 7 physics by specialty and 16 not physics by specialty participated on it. 15 people from higher professional educational institutions of Dushanbe, 3 people from Sughd universities and 5 people from Khatlon University were competing for the prizes and awards. Based on the results of answers of the participants (competitors) of the Olympiad, the commission came to the following decision:
In the section “by specialty” the places were separated as following: 1st place was given to Kholov Yu.B. - 1st year student of TSU; 2nd place Matrobiyon N.S. - 1st year student of RTSU. The 3rd place was given to students: Ilyasov Sh. - 5th year student of KSU named after N. Khusrav, Kholov K. - 5th year student of the Tajik State Pedagogical University named after S. Aini.
- In the section “not by specialty” the places were separated as following: 1st place was given to - Kurbonali J. - 5th year student of TCI; 2nd place - Turaev Yu. - 1st year student of the TTU named after. M. Osimi. 3rd place was given to the following students: Yu. Azimov - 1st year student of TSMU named after Abuali ibn Sino, I. Yusupov. - 1st year student of TTU named after M. Osimi.
6.2. The Olympiad (competition) in physics named the "Cup of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan" was held among students of lyceums, gymnasiums and secondary schools in Dushanbe on 12-13 November, 2020. This competition was dedicated to the announcement of "Twenty Years of Teaching and Development of Natural Sciences, Exact Sciences and Mathematics in Science and Education”. 39 students in total took part in the competition. Based on the results of answers of the participants of the Olympiad, the commission came to the following decision:
- Among the students of secondary schools: 1st place was awarded to - Tojiddinzoda H. - student of 11thgrade of school # 42; 2nd place - I. Khursheda - student of the 10th grade of school №66. The third place was given to the following students: Rustamzoda M. - a student of the 11thgrade of school # 29; Shoimov Sh. - student of the 10th grade of school No. 55.
- Among the students of lyceum and gymnasium: 1st place was awarded to - A. Yusupov - student of the 11th grade of the lyceum for gifted students; 2nd place - D. Kalandarov - student of the 10th grade of the Lyceum for gifted students. The third place was given to students: Dustov S. - a student of the 11th grade of the Lyceum of Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov; Nurulloeva Sh. - student of the 10th grade of the Lyceum of the Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov.
Cooperation with domestic and foreign scientific institutions. The Institute cooperates with a number of domestic and foreign scientific institutions, including:
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research named after D. Skobeltsin (Dubna, Russian Federation),
- Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov;
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute";
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Engineering (MIPhE);
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Russia (PFUR, RUDN);
- International University "Dubna";
- Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radio Engineering;
- Nazarbayev University (Astana, Kazakhstan);
- Eurasian National University named after L.N. Gumilyov (Astana, Kazakhstan);
- Laboratory of atmospheric processes of the Main Geophysical Observatory, St. Petersburg;
- Laboratory of Aerosol Optics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics named after A.M. Obukhov RAS;
- Resource Center, Faculty of Geoecology, St. Petersburg State University;
- Institute of Physical and Technical Sciences and Materials Science of the National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic;
- LLP "Scientific and Technical Center of Housing and Communal Services of Kazakhstan";
- National Research University named after S.P. Korolev, Samara;
- Institute of the Troposphere named after Leibniz (Leipzig, Germany).
Within the framework of the Memorandum of Mutual Understandings and Agreement signed between the Physics- Technical Institute named after S.U. Umarov and the Institute of the Troposphere named after Leibniz (Leipzig, Germany), a joint study continuing in the framework of the Central Asian DUST Experiment CADEX.
Let us recall that on the basis of this cooperation, the Institute received expensive equipment Lidar - one of the latest and unique for Central Asia technologies for studying the composition of the atmosphere, which is studied all over the world for the sixth time.
This technology makes it possible to study accurately the composition of the atmosphere up to an altitude of 44 km.
- Waseda University of Japan. Within the framework of the research carried out by the newly created structure of the Institute - the computing cluster, at present, in cooperation with the Waseda University of Japan, calculations are continuing in the direction of functional density theory.
- College of Atmospheric Sciences (http://atmoseng.lzu.edu.cn/) Lanzhou University of China (https://en.lzu.edu.cn/). A Memorandum of Mutual Understandings was signed with this college, and cooperation continues since 2018. (A Memorandum of Mutual Understandings was signed between the NAST with the abovementioned college, and cooperation continues since 2018). According to this document, cooperation is planned to be prolong until 2025. It is currently planned to open another state-of-the-art laboratory at the Institute through the grant from the aforementioned university. The laboratory that is aimed to study the dust will be installed at the Aywaj weather station.
- Key State Laboratory of Cryosphere Sciences of the Northwest Institute of Environmental Ecology and Resources of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, located in Lanzhou, China. (http://english.nieer.cas.cn/rh/rd/201505/ t20150505_146917.html).
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA, Vienna, Austria). In cooperation with the international organization IAEA and with the support of the government and the Presidium of NAST, the Institute regularly sends interns to research Institutes around the world.
On the status of the Institute "Basic organization of the CIS member states in the field of training of scientific personnel in the field of physics and technology." On 12-13 February 2020, in Minsk, Belarus, a meeting of an expert group was organized in the Executive Committee of the Commonwealth of Independent States on the project harmonization of basic Institutes of the CIS member states in the field of training for scientific personnel in the field of physics (Institute of Physics named after P.N. Lebedev RAS (FIAN)) and physics and techniques (Physical-Technical Institute named after S.U. Umarov NAST). The following decision was made in the results of the meeting:
- The documents of the meeting should be sent to the CIS member states for internal coordination of draft regulations on the basic institutions of the CIS member states in the field of training for scientific personnel on physics and on the basic institutions of the CIS member states in the field of training for scientific personnel in the field of physical and technical sciences, including the Draft Resolution of the Council of Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the CIS.
In accordance with the established procedure, draft regulations on the basic institutions of the CIS countries in the field of training for scientific personnel in the field of physical sciences and on the basic institutions of the CIS countries in the field of training scientific personnel in the field of physical, physical and technical sciences, as well as a Draft Resolution of the Council of CIS Foreign Ministers (the Council of Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the CIS) should be submitted to the Council of Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the CIS for their further discussion.
In case if the Institute is granted (will receive) the status of the basic organization, it can lead the following things to a new level - training, retraining, advanced training for scientific personnel, exchange of information about experience, innovations, methodological support used in this area, solution of scientific and methodological problems, organizational, joint research, international sectoral and scientific-practical conferences, seminars, symposia and exhibitions.
Consideration of draft normative acts for adoption within the CIS frameworks, related to the sphere of the basic organization, preparation of appropriate conclusions and recommendations for the harmonization and the exchange of normative acts are also included in the functions and responsibilities of the basic organization.
Recalling that at the 6th meeting of the Council for the Cooperation in the Field of Fundamental Sciences of the CIS Member States on 12th October 2018, the proposal of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan on granting of the status of “Basic organization of the CIS member states in the field of training for scientific personnel in the field of physics and technology” to the Institute of the Physics and Techniques named after S.U. Umarov was accepted. In this regard, the working group proposed to NAST to prepare a draft Regulation on the basic organization. The draft Charter prepared jointly by NAST and the Institute along with the Resolution of the Council of CIS Foreign Ministers were finalized at a meeting of the Council Working Group (Minsk) on 15-16thApril 2019. The final materials were sent to the Council Members for approval. The consideration of the final materials (documents) of the Working Group, including the Resolution of the Council of CIS Foreign Ministers on granting/assigning the status of the basic organization to the Institute is foreseen (provided) at a meeting of the Council on 28th November, 2019.
9). Scientific expedition "Pamir 2020". The Pamir Summer Expedition-2020 was organized with the joint participation of the staff of the International Center for Nuclear Physical Research (ICNAPI) (K. Azizshoev, S. Odinaev, M. Shanbiev, Sh.Yu. Aminzhonov) and the Presidium of the Institute (F. Shokir, Kh. Rakhmonov) on the 10-25th July of current year.
It is known that an Agreement on the establishment and operation of the Pamir-Chakaltai International Research Center for the joint nuclear physics and high-energy astrophysical research (studies) of cosmic rays was signed between the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan and the Government of the Russian Federation in August 2008. So, a summer expedition with the participation of employees of the Institute has been held annually since 2015.
A group of young researchers of the Institute conducted the sixth study at Ak-Arhar station as a part of the Pamir - 2020 scientific expedition on 10-25th July of the current year. Young scientists, within the framework of this project and under the direct guidance of teachers, studied the following scientific issues:
- Terrain analysis related to gamma, beta and neutron radiation.
- Analysis of the activity of the volume of immunosuppressants-222 (radon), and radon-220 (mesh) in the air and inside of objects.
- Background analysis with space tube.
- Selection of representative soil and plant samples for gamma spectrometric analysis.
The studies were carried out in the foothills of the Pamir, in Murgab, GBAO, at three scientific stations for the registration and study of cosmic rays:
- main research site: base in the Ak-Arhar region, at an altitude of 4360 m, 1971-1975 years of construction;
- The base in the Chechekti region, at an altitude of 3860 m., 1944-1946 years of construction and foundation;
- Incomplete construction of the base in the Koluch-Kul area, at an altitude of 4270 m, 2012-2013 years of construction.
Thus, the issues that were posed to the members of the expedition have been fully studied, and the assigned tasks have been completed this year.
It should be noted that the study of radioactivity as the emission of certain nuclei and the radiation itself as ionizing radiation is a natural phenomenon, since a certain amount of it exists in all environments and even inside the human body. That is, ionizing radiation is a constant phenomenon, which is usually called the background radiation of the environment. Ionizing radiation and radioactive substances are effectively used in various fields –starting from the energy production to medical use (use in medicine), industry and economics. The importance of this problem lies in the fact that the risk of radioactivity (radiation) for employees, population and the environment must be assessed and controlled during the use and work in general. It was determined that the radiation background of the Ak-Arkhar site (area) is in the range of 0.06-0.13 μZ v / h that make it acceptable and does not cause harm as a whole, as well as does not have a harmful effect on the human body and the environment. The radiation map of the surveyed territories was completed on the basis of a study of more than 40 points located at a distance of 4360-5000 m above sea level in July 2020.
10). On the application of scientific results and inventions in practice.
It is necessary to mention the development and application of a new generation of cryosurgical instruments by the Institute's scientists with an anti-adhesive coating, providing a continuous flow of a large amount of nitrogen during the surgery, in practice, invented in cooperation with the Institute of Gastroenterology.
The introduction of surgical equipment, invented in 2020, 4 documents for which were also ratified (received) in current year, will be carried out in the following medical institutions of the Republic of Tajikistan:
- Department of Surgery of the Liver and Gastrointestinal Tract of the Institute of Gastroenterology of the Ministry of Health and Social Protection of the Population of the Republic of Tajikistan - treatment of 23 patients;
- Surgical Department of the Khatlon Regional Clinical Hospital named after B. Vohidov, Bokhtar city - treatment of 6 patients;
- Department of Surgery of the Kulyab Regional Hospital named after A. Khaknazarov, Kulyab city - 8 patients;
- Department of Abdominal Tuberculosis Surgery, State Institution "National Center for Tuberculosis and Thoracic Surgery" - treatment of 2 patients.
More than 243 patients underwent surgery in the Institute of Gastroenterology since 2016. It should be noted that the treatment of liver diseases in the country was not possible before the invention of the mentioned equipment.
11). The Institute's contribution to the prevention of COVID-19. In 2020 in connection with the disease (I.e. due to the outbreak of a pandemic), scientists and specialists from the Institute contributed for (to) the Prevention of Coronavirus Diseases (COVID-19). Currently the achievements include the following points:
- The Institute developed and installed a power supply system for all NAST NAOCL reactors of various capacities in the process of developing a reactor for the production of NAOCL antiviral material (hypochlorite);
- Engineering department of the NAST, which includes several laboratories of the Institute, built a respiratory machine and handed it over to the “emergency department” for testing.
- Two scientific Institutes have been working as members of 2 Inter-Agency Councils (under the NAST and the Ministry of Health and Social Protection of the Republic of Tajikistan) to identify the causes and consequences of Coronavirus (COVID-19) and to develop recommendations since May 2020.
- The computer model of COVID-19 was developed and designed by the specialists of the Institute of Computer Modeling and submitted to the Presidium of the NAST.
12). Activity of the Dissertation Council of the Institute. Dissertation Council 6D.VAK-031 (DS) in scientific areas 6D060400 - Physics and 6D071700 - Heat power engineering for the defense of dissertations for obtaining the degrees of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Traditional Doctor of Philosophy in the specialty at the Institute of the Physics and Techniques named after S.U. Umarov of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan was established (ratified) by order of the Chairman of the Higher Attestation Commission under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan (HAT, VAK) under number 72 dated 06.12.2017.
According to the Order of the Chairman of the Higher Attestation Commission dated 03.02.2020 under number 38, the Dissertation Council allows admission for consideration and defense of dissertations in the following specialties:
6D060400 - Physics:
- 04.01.07 - Physics of condensation conditions;
.0 01.04.15 - Physics and technology of nanostructures, atomic and molecular physics;
- 04.01.16 - Nuclear physics, fundamental particles.
6D071700 - Thermal power:
- 05.14.08 - Power plants based on renewable energy sources.
6D061200 - Meteorology
25.00.30 - Meteorology, climatology, agrometeorology.
The chairman of the Dissertation Council 6D.VAK-031 is Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Academician Muminov Kh.Kh.
6 meetings of the Dissertation Council were held in the current year, including 2 defenses of dissertations (for obtaining the degree of candidate of sciences) and 2 dissertations were admitted to the defense.
13). Defense of dissertations based on dissertation research by the staff of the Institute. The following employees of the Institute defended their dissertations in 2020:
- Idibegzoda Halimahon Idibeg, specialty – 04.01.07 - Physics of condensing states;
- Odinaev Fatkhullo Rakhmatovich, specialty 02.00.04 - Physical chemistry
- Davlatmamadova Sabik Shomamadovna, specialty 04.01.07 - Physics of condensing states.
14). Awards and prizes. 5 graduates of the Institute were awarded by the State Prizes "Medali Hizmati Shoista" ("Medal for Outstanding Service") and "Nishoni alochii maorif va ilmi Tojikiston" ((“Badge of distinction in the field of education and science of Tajikistan” or "Excellence in Education and Science of Tajikistan") in current year.
Two of the following teachers of the Institute co-authored with F. Rakhimi, S.M. Akhmadzoda, Kh.Kh. Muminov, S.Sh. Akhmedov, F.R. Odinaev were awarded by the State Prizes of the Republic of Tajikistan named after Abu Ali ibn Sino in the field of science and technology for the cycle of works "Development of a new generation of cryosurgical devices (machines) and their use in surgery of diseases of the abdominal cavity" on the 4 of September, 2020:
- Kh.Kh. Muminov - Head of the Department of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology.
- F.R. Odinaev - Head of the Laboratory of Physics of Transcendental and Transient Processes.
On 4 of September, 2020, 2 employees of the Institute were awarded by the State Prize (“Medali of the Hizmati Shoist”) “Medal for Outstanding Service”/ They are:
- S.F. Abdulloev - Head of the Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics.
- F.R. Odinaev - Head of the Laboratory of Physics of Transcendental and Transient Processes.
14.04.2020. The following 2 employees of the Institute were awarded by the State Prizes “Nishoni alochii maorif wa ilmi Tojikiston” (“Badge of distinction in the field of education and science of Tajikistan” or "Excellence in Education and Science of Tajikistan"):
- Yunusova S.V. - Leading Researcher of the Department of Theoretical Physics.
15). Kea moments and activities of the Institute in 2020.